William Schambra is a Hudson Senior Fellow and director of the Institute’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal. This essay is adapted from a presentation to a conference on “Progressive Challenges to the Constitution” hosted by St. Vincent College’s Center for Political and Economic Thought in April 2011.

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President Vladimir Putin holds a videocall with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Moscow on January 21, 2025. (Gavriil Grigorov/AFP via Getty Images)