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This photograph shows a Dassault Rafale aircraft parked on the tarmac of the French Air and Space Force Luxeuil-Saint-Sauveur Airbase in Saint-Sauveur, France, on March 18, 2025. (Ludovic Marin/AFP via Getty Images)
Middle East
Middle East
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Israeli soldiers stand during clashes with Palestinians at a protest against Jewish settlements in the village of Oref in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, February 15, 2019. (Mohamad Torokman/Reuters)
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Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei makes a speech during his meeting with senior officials and members of the air force in Tehran, Iran on February 08, 2020. (Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Hagia Sophia
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The Islamic organization Hizb ut-Tharir holds its Friday prayer at the Parliament Square on March 21, 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The goal of Hizb ut Tharir is the implementation of the Islamic Sharia law. (Ole Jensen/Getty Images)
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U.S. President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu participate in a joint statement in the East Room of the White House on January 28, 2020 in Washington, DC. (Sarah Silbiger/Getty Images)
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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (R) with Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani as the new government is presented after the Iranian Revolution. (Photo by Alain Dejean/Sygma via Getty Images)
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Buildings damaged from fighting south of Tripoli, Libya, June 21.
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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (C), wearing a protective face maks, speaks with his lawyer inside a courtroom at the district court of Jerusalem on May 24, 2020, during the first day of his corruption trial.
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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan gestures as he delivers a speech following a cabinet meeting, in Ankara, on June 9, 2020.
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Mourners carry the coffins of slain Iraqi paramilitary chief Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, Iranian military commander Qasem Soleimani and eight others during a funeral procession in Iraq on January 4, 2020. (Photo by MOHAMMED SAWAF/AFP via Getty Images)
Experts
Hillel Fradkin
Senior Fellow and Director, Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World
Husain Haqqani
Senior Fellow and Director for South and Central Asia
Ahmad Hashemi
Research Fellow
Bernard Haykel
Senior Fellow (Nonresident), Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Jonathan Hessen
Senior Fellow (Nonresident)
Can Kasapoğlu
Senior Fellow (Nonresident)
Rania Kisar
Research Fellow
Liel Leibovitz
Senior Fellow
William Luti
Adjunct Fellow
Joel Rayburn
Senior Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Zineb Riboua
Research Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Peter Rough
Senior Fellow and Director, Center on Europe and Eurasia
Jonathan Schachter
Senior Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Abram N. Shulsky
Senior Fellow
Mike Watson
Associate Director, Center for the Future of Liberal Society
Richard Weitz
Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Political-Military Analysis
